Mates in bicategories #
This file establishes the bijection between the 2-cells
l₁ r₁
c --→ d c ←-- d
g ↓ ↗ ↓ h g ↓ ↘ ↓ h
e --→ f e ←-- f
l₂ r₂
where l₁ ⊣ r₁ and l₂ ⊣ r₂. The corresponding 2-morphisms are called mates.
For the bicategory Cat, the definitions in this file are provided in
Mathlib/CategoryTheory/Adjunction/Mates.lean, where you can find more detailed documentation
about mates.
Implementation #
The correspondence between mates is obtained by combining
bijections of the form (g ⟶ l ≫ h) ≃ (r ≫ g ⟶ h)
and (g ≫ l ⟶ h) ≃ (g ⟶ h ≫ r) when l ⊣ r is an adjunction.
Indeed, g ≫ l₂ ⟶ l₁ ≫ h identifies to g ⟶ (l₁ ≫ h) ≫ r₂ by using the
second bijection applied to l₂ ⊣ r₂, and this identifies to r₁ ≫ g ⟶ h ≫ r₂
by using the first bijection applied to l₁ ⊣ r₁.
Remarks #
To be precise, the definitions in Mathlib/CategoryTheory/Adjunction/Mates.lean are universe
polymorphic, so they are not simple specializations of the definitions in this file.
The bijection (g ⟶ l ≫ h) ≃ (r ≫ g ⟶ h) induced by an adjunction
l ⊣ r in a bicategory.
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The bijection (g ≫ l ⟶ h) ≃ (g ⟶ h ≫ r) induced by an adjunction
l ⊣ r in a bicategory.
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Suppose we have a square of 1-morphisms (where the top and bottom are adjunctions l₁ ⊣ r₁
and l₂ ⊣ r₂ respectively).
c ↔ d
g ↓ ↓ h
e ↔ f
Then we have a bijection between 2-morphisms g ≫ l₂ ⟶ l₁ ≫ h and
r₁ ≫ g ⟶ h ≫ r₂. This can be seen as a bijection of the 2-cells:
l₁ r₁
c --→ d c ←-- d
g ↓ ↗ ↓ h g ↓ ↘ ↓ h
e --→ f e ←-- f
l₂ r₂
Note that if one of the 2-morphisms is an iso, it does not imply the other is an iso.
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Squares between left adjoints can be composed "vertically" by pasting.
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Squares between right adjoints can be composed "vertically" by pasting.
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The mates equivalence commutes with vertical composition.
Squares between left adjoints can be composed "horizontally" by pasting.
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Squares between right adjoints can be composed "horizontally" by pasting.
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The mates equivalence commutes with horizontal composition of squares.
A square of squares between left adjoints can be composed by iterating vertical and horizontal composition.
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Horizontal and vertical composition of squares commutes.
A square of squares between right adjoints can be composed by iterating vertical and horizontal composition.
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Horizontal and vertical composition of squares commutes.
The mates equivalence commutes with composition of a square of squares. These results form the basis for an isomorphism of double categories to be proven later.
Given two adjunctions l₁ ⊣ r₁ and l₂ ⊣ r₂ both between objects c, d, there is a
bijection between 2-morphisms l₂ ⟶ l₁ and 2-morphisms r₁ ⟶ r₂. This is
defined as a special case of mateEquiv, where the two "vertical" 1-morphisms are identities.
This bijection is conjugateEquiv; the image of a 2-morphism under it is called its conjugate.
Furthermore, this bijection preserves (and reflects) isomorphisms, i.e. a 2-morphism is an iso iff its image under the bijection is an iso.
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If α is an isomorphism between left adjoints, then its conjugate 2-morphism is an
isomorphism. The converse is given in conjugateEquiv_of_iso.
If α is an isomorphism between right adjoints, then its conjugate 2-morphism is an
isomorphism. The converse is given in conjugateEquiv_symm_of_iso.
If α is a 2-morphism between left adjoints whose conjugate 2-morphism
is an isomorphism, then α is an isomorphism. The converse is given in conjugateEquiv_iso.
If α is a 2-morphism between right adjoints whose conjugate 2-morphism is
an isomorphism, then α is an isomorphism. The converse is given in conjugateEquiv_symm_iso.
Thus conjugation defines an equivalence between isomorphisms.
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When all four morphisms in a square are left adjoints, the mates operation can be iterated:
l₁ r₁ r₁
a --→ b a ←-- b a ←-- b
f₁ ↓ ↗ ↓ f₂ f₁ ↓ ↘ ↓ f₂ u₁ ↑ ↙ ↑ u₂
c --→ d c ←-- d c ←-- d
l₂ r₂ r₂
In this case the iterated mate equals the conjugate of the original 2-morphism and is thus an isomorphism if and only if the original 2-morphism is. This explains why some Beck-Chevalley 2-morphisms are isomorphisms.
Composition of a square between left adjoints with a conjugate square.
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Composition of a square between right adjoints with a conjugate square.
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The mates equivalence commutes with this composition, essentially by mateEquiv_vcomp.
Composition of a conjugate square with a square between left adjoints.
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Composition of a conjugate square with a square between right adjoints.
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The mates equivalence commutes with this composition, essentially by mateEquiv_vcomp.