Documentation

Mathlib.Topology.Sets.Closeds

Closed sets #

We define a few types of closed sets in a topological space.

Main Definitions #

For a topological space α,

Closed sets #

structure TopologicalSpace.Closeds (α : Type u_4) [TopologicalSpace α] :
Type u_4

The type of closed subsets of a topological space.

  • carrier : Set α

    the carrier set, i.e. the points in this set

  • isClosed' : IsClosed self.carrier
Instances For
    @[implicit_reducible]

    See Note [custom simps projection].

    Instances For
      theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.ext {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] {s t : Closeds α} (h : s = t) :
      s = t
      theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.ext_iff {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] {s t : Closeds α} :
      s = t s = t
      @[simp]
      theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.coe_mk {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] (s : Set α) (h : IsClosed s) :
      { carrier := s, isClosed' := h } = s
      @[simp]
      theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.mem_mk {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] {s : Set α} {hs : IsClosed s} {x : α} :
      x { carrier := s, isClosed' := hs } x s

      The closure of a set, as an element of TopologicalSpace.Closeds.

      Instances For
        @[simp]
        theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.mem_closure {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] {s : Set α} {x : α} :
        x Closeds.closure s x closure s
        @[simp]
        theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.closure_le {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] {s : Set α} {t : Closeds α} :
        Closeds.closure s t s t

        The Galois insertion between sets and closeds.

        Instances For
          @[implicit_reducible]
          instance TopologicalSpace.Closeds.instInhabited {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] :
          Inhabited (Closeds α)

          The type of closed sets is inhabited, with default element the empty set.

          @[simp]
          theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.coe_sup {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] (s t : Closeds α) :
          (st) = s t
          @[simp]
          theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.coe_inf {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] (s t : Closeds α) :
          (st) = s t
          @[simp]
          theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.coe_eq_univ {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] {s : Closeds α} :
          s = Set.univ s =
          @[simp]
          theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.coe_eq_empty {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] {s : Closeds α} :
          s = s =
          @[simp]
          theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.coe_sInf {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] {S : Set (Closeds α)} :
          (sInf S) = iS, i
          @[simp]
          theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.coe_finset_sup {ι : Type u_1} {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] (f : ιCloseds α) (s : Finset ι) :
          (s.sup f) = s.sup (SetLike.coe f)
          @[simp]
          theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.coe_finset_inf {ι : Type u_1} {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] (f : ιCloseds α) (s : Finset ι) :
          (s.inf f) = s.inf (SetLike.coe f)
          @[simp]
          theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.mem_sInf {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] {S : Set (Closeds α)} {x : α} :
          x sInf S sS, x s
          @[simp]
          theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.mem_iInf {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] {ι : Sort u_4} {x : α} {s : ιCloseds α} :
          x iInf s ∀ (i : ι), x s i
          @[simp]
          theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.coe_iInf {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] {ι : Sort u_4} (s : ιCloseds α) :
          (⨅ (i : ι), s i) = ⋂ (i : ι), (s i)
          theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.iInf_def {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] {ι : Sort u_4} (s : ιCloseds α) :
          ⨅ (i : ι), s i = { carrier := ⋂ (i : ι), (s i), isClosed' := }
          @[simp]
          theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.iInf_mk {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] {ι : Sort u_4} (s : ιSet α) (h : ∀ (i : ι), IsClosed (s i)) :
          ⨅ (i : ι), { carrier := s i, isClosed' := } = { carrier := ⋂ (i : ι), s i, isClosed' := }
          @[implicit_reducible]

          Closed sets in a topological space form a coframe.

          Instances For
            @[implicit_reducible]
            @[simp]
            theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.coe_singleton {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] [T1Space α] (x : α) :
            {x} = {x}
            @[reducible, inline, deprecated "Use `{x}` instead" (since := "2025-11-23")]

            The term of TopologicalSpace.Closeds α corresponding to a singleton.

            Instances For
              @[simp]
              theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.mk_singleton {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] [T1Space α] {x : α} :
              { carrier := {x}, isClosed' := } = {x}
              @[simp]
              theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.mem_singleton {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] [T1Space α] {a b : α} :
              a {b} a = b
              theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.singleton_injective {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] [T1Space α] :
              Function.Injective fun (x : α) => {x}
              @[simp]
              theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.singleton_inj {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] [T1Space α] {x y : α} :
              {x} = {y} x = y
              def TopologicalSpace.Closeds.preimage {α : Type u_2} {β : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace α] [TopologicalSpace β] (s : Closeds β) {f : αβ} (hf : Continuous f) :

              The preimage of a closed set under a continuous map.

              Instances For
                @[simp]
                theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.coe_preimage {α : Type u_2} {β : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace α] [TopologicalSpace β] (s : Closeds β) {f : αβ} (hf : Continuous f) :
                (s.preimage hf) = f ⁻¹' s
                @[implicit_reducible]
                instance TopologicalSpace.Closeds.instSProdProd {α : Type u_2} {β : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace α] [TopologicalSpace β] :
                SProd (Closeds α) (Closeds β) (Closeds (α × β))
                @[simp]
                theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.coe_prod {α : Type u_2} {β : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace α] [TopologicalSpace β] (s : Closeds α) (t : Closeds β) :
                ↑(s ×ˢ t) = s ×ˢ t
                @[simp]
                theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.mem_prod {α : Type u_2} {β : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace α] [TopologicalSpace β] {s : Closeds α} {t : Closeds β} {x : α × β} :
                x s ×ˢ t x.1 s x.2 t
                @[simp]
                theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.singleton_prod_singleton {α : Type u_2} {β : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace α] [TopologicalSpace β] [T1Space α] [T1Space β] (x : α) (y : β) :
                {x} ×ˢ {y} = {(x, y)}

                The complement of a closed set as an open set.

                Instances For
                  @[simp]
                  theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.coe_compl {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] (s : Closeds α) :
                  s.compl = (↑s)

                  The complement of an open set as a closed set.

                  Instances For
                    @[simp]
                    theorem TopologicalSpace.Opens.coe_compl {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] (s : Opens α) :
                    s.compl = (↑s)
                    theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.coe_eq_singleton_of_isAtom {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] [T0Space α] {s : Closeds α} (hs : IsAtom s) :
                    ∃ (a : α), s = {a}
                    theorem TopologicalSpace.Closeds.isAtom_iff {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] [T1Space α] {s : Closeds α} :
                    IsAtom s ∃ (x : α), s = {x}

                    in a T1Space, atoms of TopologicalSpace.Closeds α are precisely the singletons.

                    theorem TopologicalSpace.Opens.isCoatom_iff {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] [T1Space α] {s : Opens α} :
                    IsCoatom s ∃ (x : α), s = {x}.compl

                    in a T1Space, coatoms of TopologicalSpace.Opens α are precisely complements of singletons: ({x} : Closeds α).compl.

                    Clopen sets #

                    structure TopologicalSpace.Clopens (α : Type u_4) [TopologicalSpace α] :
                    Type u_4

                    The type of clopen sets of a topological space.

                    • carrier : Set α

                      the carrier set, i.e. the points in this set

                    • isClopen' : IsClopen self.carrier
                    Instances For
                      @[implicit_reducible]

                      See Note [custom simps projection].

                      Instances For

                        Reinterpret a clopen as an open.

                        Instances For
                          @[simp]
                          theorem TopologicalSpace.Clopens.coe_toOpens {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] (s : Clopens α) :
                          s.toOpens = s

                          Reinterpret a clopen as a closed.

                          Instances For
                            theorem TopologicalSpace.Clopens.ext {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] {s t : Clopens α} (h : s = t) :
                            s = t
                            theorem TopologicalSpace.Clopens.ext_iff {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] {s t : Clopens α} :
                            s = t s = t
                            @[simp]
                            theorem TopologicalSpace.Clopens.coe_mk {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] (s : Set α) (h : IsClopen s) :
                            { carrier := s, isClopen' := h } = s
                            @[simp]
                            theorem TopologicalSpace.Clopens.mem_mk {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] {s : Set α} {x : α} {h : IsClopen s} :
                            x { carrier := s, isClopen' := h } x s
                            @[implicit_reducible]
                            @[implicit_reducible]
                            @[implicit_reducible]
                            @[implicit_reducible]
                            @[implicit_reducible]
                            @[implicit_reducible]
                            @[implicit_reducible]
                            @[simp]
                            theorem TopologicalSpace.Clopens.coe_sup {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] (s t : Clopens α) :
                            (st) = s t
                            @[simp]
                            theorem TopologicalSpace.Clopens.coe_inf {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] (s t : Clopens α) :
                            (st) = s t
                            @[simp]
                            theorem TopologicalSpace.Clopens.coe_sdiff {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] (s t : Clopens α) :
                            ↑(s \ t) = s \ t
                            @[simp]
                            theorem TopologicalSpace.Clopens.coe_himp {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] (s t : Clopens α) :
                            ↑(s t) = s t
                            @[simp]
                            theorem TopologicalSpace.Clopens.coe_compl {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] (s : Clopens α) :
                            s = (↑s)
                            @[implicit_reducible]
                            instance TopologicalSpace.Clopens.instInhabited {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] :
                            Inhabited (Clopens α)
                            @[implicit_reducible]
                            instance TopologicalSpace.Clopens.instSProdProd {α : Type u_2} {β : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace α] [TopologicalSpace β] :
                            SProd (Clopens α) (Clopens β) (Clopens (α × β))
                            @[simp]
                            theorem TopologicalSpace.Clopens.mem_prod {α : Type u_2} {β : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace α] [TopologicalSpace β] {s : Clopens α} {t : Clopens β} {x : α × β} :
                            x s ×ˢ t x.1 s x.2 t
                            @[simp]
                            theorem TopologicalSpace.Clopens.coe_finset_sup {ι : Type u_1} {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] (s : Finset ι) (U : ιClopens α) :
                            (s.sup U) = is, (U i)
                            @[simp]
                            theorem TopologicalSpace.Clopens.coe_disjoint {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] {s t : Clopens α} :
                            Disjoint s t Disjoint s t

                            Irreducible closed sets #

                            The type of irreducible closed subsets of a topological space.

                            Instances For
                              @[deprecated TopologicalSpace.IrreducibleCloseds.isIrreducible (since := "2025-10-14")]

                              Alias of TopologicalSpace.IrreducibleCloseds.isIrreducible.

                              @[deprecated TopologicalSpace.IrreducibleCloseds.isClosed (since := "2025-10-14")]

                              Alias of TopologicalSpace.IrreducibleCloseds.isClosed.

                              See Note [custom simps projection].

                              Instances For
                                theorem TopologicalSpace.IrreducibleCloseds.ext {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] {s t : IrreducibleCloseds α} (h : s = t) :
                                s = t
                                @[simp]
                                theorem TopologicalSpace.IrreducibleCloseds.coe_mk {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] (s : Set α) (h : IsIrreducible s) (h' : IsClosed s) :
                                { carrier := s, isIrreducible' := h, isClosed' := h' } = s
                                @[simp]
                                theorem TopologicalSpace.IrreducibleCloseds.coe_singleton {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] [T1Space α] (x : α) :
                                {x} = {x}
                                @[reducible, inline, deprecated "Use `{x}` instead" (since := "2025-11-23")]

                                The term of TopologicalSpace.IrreducibleCloseds α corresponding to a singleton.

                                Instances For
                                  @[simp]
                                  theorem TopologicalSpace.IrreducibleCloseds.mk_singleton {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] [T1Space α] {x : α} :
                                  { carrier := {x}, isIrreducible' := , isClosed' := } = {x}
                                  @[simp]
                                  theorem TopologicalSpace.IrreducibleCloseds.mem_singleton {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] [T1Space α] {a b : α} :
                                  a {b} a = b
                                  theorem TopologicalSpace.IrreducibleCloseds.singleton_injective {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] [T1Space α] :
                                  Function.Injective fun (x : α) => {x}
                                  @[simp]
                                  theorem TopologicalSpace.IrreducibleCloseds.singleton_inj {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] [T1Space α] {x y : α} :
                                  {x} = {y} x = y

                                  The equivalence between IrreducibleCloseds α and {x : Set α // IsIrreducible x ∧ IsClosed x }.

                                  Instances For
                                    @[simp]
                                    theorem TopologicalSpace.IrreducibleCloseds.equivSubtype_symm_apply {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] (a : { x : Set α // IsIrreducible x IsClosed x }) :
                                    equivSubtype.symm a = { carrier := a, isIrreducible' := , isClosed' := }

                                    The equivalence between IrreducibleCloseds α and {x : Set α // IsClosed x ∧ IsIrreducible x }.

                                    Instances For
                                      @[simp]
                                      theorem TopologicalSpace.IrreducibleCloseds.equivSubtype'_symm_apply {α : Type u_2} [TopologicalSpace α] (a : { x : Set α // IsClosed x IsIrreducible x }) :
                                      equivSubtype'.symm a = { carrier := a, isIrreducible' := , isClosed' := }

                                      The equivalence IrreducibleCloseds α ≃ { x : Set α // IsIrreducible x ∧ IsClosed x } is an order isomorphism.

                                      Instances For

                                        The equivalence IrreducibleCloseds α ≃ { x : Set α // IsClosed x ∧ IsIrreducible x } is an order isomorphism.

                                        Instances For

                                          Partial order structure on irreducible closed sets and maps thereof. #

                                          The map on irreducible closed sets induced by a continuous map f.

                                          Instances For
                                            @[simp]
                                            theorem TopologicalSpace.IrreducibleCloseds.coe_map {α : Type u_2} {β : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace α] [TopologicalSpace β] (f : βα) (hf : Continuous f) (s : IrreducibleCloseds β) :
                                            (map f hf s) = closure (f '' s)
                                            theorem TopologicalSpace.IrreducibleCloseds.map_injective_of_isInducing {α : Type u_2} {β : Type u_3} [TopologicalSpace α] [TopologicalSpace β] {f : βα} (hf : Topology.IsInducing f) :
                                            Function.Injective (map f )

                                            The map IrreducibleCloseds.map is injective when f is inducing. This relies on the property of embeddings that a closed set in the domain is the preimage of the closure of its image.

                                            The map IrreducibleCloseds.map is strictly monotone when f is inducing.