ℓp space #
This file describes properties of elements f of a pi-type ∀ i, E i with finite "norm",
defined for p : ℝ≥0∞ as the size of the support of f if p=0, (∑' a, ‖f a‖^p) ^ (1/p) for
0 < p < ∞ and ⨆ a, ‖f a‖ for p=∞.
The Prop-valued Memℓp f p states that a function f : ∀ i, E i has finite norm according
to the above definition; that is, f has finite support if p = 0, Summable (fun a ↦ ‖f a‖^p) if
0 < p < ∞, and BddAbove (norm '' (Set.range f)) if p = ∞.
The space lp E p is the subtype of elements of ∀ i : α, E i which satisfy Memℓp f p. For
1 ≤ p, the "norm" is genuinely a norm and lp is a complete metric space.
Main definitions #
Memℓp f p: property that the functionfsatisfies, as appropriate,ffinitely supported ifp = 0,Summable (fun a ↦ ‖f a‖^p)if0 < p < ∞, andBddAbove (norm '' (Set.range f))ifp = ∞.lp E p: elements of∀ i : α, E isuch thatMemℓp f p. Defined as anAddSubgroupof a type synonymPreLpfor∀ i : α, E i, and equipped with aNormedAddCommGroupstructure. Under appropriate conditions, this is also equipped with the instanceslp.normedSpace,lp.completeSpace. Forp=∞, there is alsolp.inftyNormedRing,lp.inftyNormedAlgebra,lp.inftyStarRingandlp.inftyCStarRing.
Main results #
Memℓp.of_exponent_ge: Forq ≤ p, a function which isMemℓpforqis alsoMemℓpforp.lp.memℓp_of_tendsto,lp.norm_le_of_tendsto: A pointwise limit of functions inlp, all withlpnorm≤ C, is itself inlpand haslpnorm≤ C.lp.tsum_mul_le_mul_norm: basic form of Hölder's inequality
Implementation #
Since lp is defined as an AddSubgroup, dot notation does not work. Use lp.norm_neg f to
say that ‖-f‖ = ‖f‖, instead of the non-working f.norm_neg.
TODO #
- More versions of Hölder's inequality (for example: the case
p = 1,q = ∞; a version for normed rings which has‖∑' i, f i * g i‖rather than∑' i, ‖f i‖ * g i‖on the RHS; a version for three exponents satisfying1 / r = 1 / p + 1 / q)
The property that f : ∀ i : α, E i
- is finitely supported, if
p = 0, or - admits an upper bound for
Set.range (fun i ↦ ‖f i‖), ifp = ∞, or - has the series
∑' i, ‖f i‖ ^ pbe summable, if0 < p < ∞.
Instances For
Alias of the reverse direction of memℓp_norm_iff.
Alias of the forward direction of memℓp_norm_iff.
Often it is more convenient to use Memℓp.mono, where the bounding function is real-valued.
This version is provable from that one using Memℓp.toNorm applied to the argument with type
Memℓp g p.
We define PreLp E to be a type synonym for ∀ i, E i which, importantly, does not inherit
the pi topology on ∀ i, E i (otherwise this topology would descend to lp E p and conflict
with the normed group topology we will later equip it with.)
We choose to deal with this issue by making a type synonym for ∀ i, E i rather than for the lp
subgroup itself, because this allows all the spaces lp E p (for varying p) to be subgroups of
the same ambient group, which permits lemma statements like lp.monotone (below).
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The (little) ℓᵖ space: The additive subgroup of a type synonym of Π i, E i, which consists
of those functions f such that Memℓp f p (i.e., f has finite p-norm).
The non-dependent version comes equipped with the notation ℓ^p(ι, E) in the lp namespace. When
p takes the values 0, 1 or 2, the notation ℓ⁰(ι, E), ℓ¹(ι, E), ℓ²(ι, E) is also
available.
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The (little) ℓᵖ space: The additive subgroup of a type synonym of Π i, E i, which consists
of those functions f such that Memℓp f p (i.e., f has finite p-norm).
The non-dependent version comes equipped with the notation ℓ^p(ι, E) in the lp namespace. When
p takes the values 0, 1 or 2, the notation ℓ⁰(ι, E), ℓ¹(ι, E), ℓ²(ι, E) is also
available.
Instances For
ℓ⁰(ι, E) is the space of finitely supported functions ι → E. In general, this should not
be used outside of the context of ℓ^p(ι, E) spaces, and one should instead prefer Finsupp
in other situations.
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ℓ¹(ι, E) is the space of summable functions ι → E. To be more precise, it is the space
of functions whose norms are summable, but when E is complete these coincide.
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ℓ²(ι, E) is the space of square-summable functions ι → E. When E := 𝕜, with RCLike 𝕜,
this is a Hilbert space.
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Coercion to function as an AddMonoidHom.
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Hölder inequality
The 𝕜-submodule of elements of ∀ i : α, E i whose lp norm is finite. This is lp E p,
with extra structure.
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Summation (i.e., tsum) in ℓ¹(α, E) as a continuous linear map.
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The 𝕜-subring of elements of ∀ i : α, B i whose lp norm is finite. This is lp E ∞,
with extra structure.
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The 𝕜-subalgebra of elements of ∀ i : α, B i whose lp norm is finite. This is lp E ∞,
with extra structure.
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single as an AddMonoidHom.
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The basis for ℓ⁰(α, 𝕜) given by lp.single.
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lp.single as a continuous morphism of additive monoids.
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lp.single as a continuous linear map.
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Two continuous additive maps from lp E p agree if they agree on lp.single.
See note [partially-applied ext lemmas].
Two continuous linear maps from lp E p agree if they agree on lp.single.
See note [partially-applied ext lemmas].
The AddSubgroup.inclusion between lp spaces, as a linear map.
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Evaluation at a single coordinate, as a linear map on lp E p.
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Evaluation at a single coordinate, as a continuous linear map on lp E p.
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The coercion from lp E p to ∀ i, E i is uniformly continuous.
"Semicontinuity of the lp norm": If all sufficiently large elements of a sequence in lp E p
have lp norm ≤ C, then the pointwise limit, if it exists, also has lp norm ≤ C.
If f is the pointwise limit of a bounded sequence in lp E p, then f is in lp E p.
If a sequence is Cauchy in the lp E p topology and pointwise convergent to an element f of
lp E p, then it converges to f in the lp E p topology.